Struggle for Freedom, The: A History of African Americans, Concise Edition, Volume 1 (Penguin Academic Series),9780321355751

Struggle for Freedom, The: A History of African Americans, Concise Edition, Volume 1 (Penguin Academic Series)

by ; ;
Edition: 2nd
ISBN13: 9780321355751
ISBN10: 032135575X
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2011-01-01
Publisher(s): Prentice Hall
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Summary

The Struggle for Freedom,a narrative of the black experience in America, uses a distinctive biographical approach to guide the story and animate the history. In each chapter, individual African Americans are the pivot points on which historical changes of the era turn. Life stories capture the rush of events that envelop individuals and illuminate the momentous decisions that, collectively, frame the American past and present. Inasmuch as that history is grounded in struggle-in the consistent and insistent call to the United States to deliver on the constitutional promises made to all its citizens-this book is also an American history text, weaving into the narrative the milestones of mainstream American history, economy, politics, arts and letters.

Table of Contents

Preface xvii
CHAPTER 1 ANCIENT AFRICA 1(24)
African Storytelling and African American History
1(2)
From Human Beginnings to the Rise of Egypt
3(4)
Human Beginnings in East Africa
3(1)
Rise of Egyptian Civilization
4(2)
Debates over Black Egypt
6(1)
Egypt and Nubia
6(1)
Egypt After the Greek Conquest
7(1)
The Spread of Islam
7(3)
The Origins of Islam
8(1)
Islam's Great Reach
9(1)
The Kingdom's of West and Central Africa
10(7)
The Kingdom of Ghana
12(1)
The Kingdom of Mali
12(1)
The Kingdom of Songhai
13(1)
The Forest Kingdoms of Ife and Benin
14(1)
The Kingdoms of Kongo and Ndongo
15(2)
African Culture
17(7)
Family and Community
17(1)
Religion
18(1)
Social Organization
19(3)
Music, Dance, and Art
22(2)
Conclusion
24(1)
CHAPTER 2 AFRICA AND THE ATLANTIC WORLD 25(21)
King Nomimansa Meets Diego Gomes
25(2)
Africa and Europe: The Fateful Connection
27(3)
Portugal Colonizes the Atlantic Islands
27(2)
The Plantation System: A Model for Misery on the Atlantic Islands
29(1)
Africa and the Rising Atlantic World
30(6)
Initiating the Atlantic Slave Trade
30(2)
Sugar and Slavery
32(3)
European Competition for the Slave Trade
35(1)
The Trauma of Enslavement
36(5)
Capture and Sale in Africa
37(1)
The Middle Passage: A Floating Hell
38(2)
Sale in the Americas
40(1)
Early Africans in North America
41(4)
Africans and the Spanish Conquest in the Americas
41(2)
Africans in Early Spanish North America
43(2)
Conclusion
45(1)
CHAPTER 3 AFRICANS IN EARLY NORTH AMERICA, 1619 —1726 46(23)
Anthony Johnson and His Family in the Early Chesapeake
46(3)
The First Africans in English North America
49(5)
The Chesapeake Colonies
49(2)
The Northern Colonic's
51(3)
The Fateful Transition
54(3)
England Captures the Slave Trade
54(1)
South Carolina as a Slave Society
54(1)
Bacon's Rebellion and Slavery in the Chesapeake
55(1)
Africans Resist
56(1)
Defining Slavery, Defining Race
57(4)
Laws Defining Social and Racial Relations
57(2)
Restrictions on Free Black People
59(1)
South Carolina's Slave Code
60(1)
Slavery and Race North of the Chesapeake
61(2)
Slave Codes in New England
62(1)
Slavery and the Law in the Mid-Atlantic
62(1)
Beyond English Boundaries
63(4)
Africans in Spanish America
64(2)
Slavery in French Colonies
66(1)
Conclusion
67(2)
CHAPTER 4 AFRICANS IN BONDAGE: EARLY EIGHTEENTH CENTURY TO THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION 69(28)
Venture Smith Defies the Colonial Slave System
69(3)
Colonial Slavery at High Tide
72(7)
A Rising Slave Population
72(1)
Slave Life in the South
73(3)
Sexual Oppression
76(1)
Slave Life in the North
77(2)
Negotiated Bondage
79(5)
Resisting Slavery
80(1)
Contesting Labor
80(1)
Creating Family Ties
81(1)
Running Away
82(1)
Rebelling
83(1)
Afro-Floridians and Afro-Louisianans
84(2)
Fort Mose: The First Free Black Town
84(1)
French Louisiana: A Black Majority
85(1)
Becoming African American
86(8)
African Christianity
88(2)
African Muslims
90(1)
African American Culture: Music, Dance, and Body Adornment
91(2)
Merging Traditions
93(1)
Black Americans on the Eve of the American Revolution
94(2)
Curbing Manumission
94(1)
Protesting Slavery
95(1)
Conclusion
96(1)
CHAPTER 5 THE REVOLUTIONARY ERA: CROSSROADS OF FREEDOM 97(24)
Thomas Peter Seizes His Freedom
97(2)
British "Tyranny" and a Cry for Freedom
99(3)
Freedom Rhetoric Exposes Colonial Enslavement
100(2)
Freedom Fever in the South
102(1)
African Americans and the American Revolution
102(6)
Choosing the British: Black Loyalists
103(1)
Fighting for Independence: Black Patriots
104(4)
Rhetoric and Reality in the New Nation
108(4)
Continued Slavery in the South
108(1)
Emancipation in the North
109(2)
The Northwest Ordinance of 1787
111(1)
The Constitutional Settlement
112(5)
Roadblocks to Eradicating Slavery
112(1)
Black Genius and Black Activism
113(1)
A More Perfect Union?
114(3)
The Resettlement of African American Loyalists
117(2)
Black Nova Scotians
117(1)
Return to Africa
117(2)
Conclusion
119(2)
CHAPTER 6 AFTER THE REVOLUTION: CONSTRUCTING FREE LIFE AND COMBATING SLAVERY, 1787-1816 121(26)
Richard Allen and Absalom Jones Lead Church Walkout
121(3)
The Emergence of Free Black Communities
124(5)
An Expanding Free Black Population
124(1)
Free Black Work Lives
125(2)
Family Life
127(1)
New Orleans: A Unique City
128(1)
Independent Institutions
129(4)
The Rise of Black Churches
130(2)
African American Schools
132(1)
An Independent Black Denomination
132(1)
Black Revolution in Haiti
133(4)
Self-Liberation in the Caribbean
133(2)
Reverberations in the United States
135(2)
The Further Spread of Slavery
137(1)
Slave Resistance
138(3)
Fugitive Slave Settlements
138(1)
Gabriel's Rebellion
139(1)
Other Uprisings
140(1)
Black Identity in the New Nation
141(5)
Rising Racial Hostility
141(2)
New Organizational and Family Names
143(1)
The Back-to-Africa Movement
144(1)
The War of 1812
145(1)
Conclusion
146(1)
CHAPTER 7 AFRICAN AMERICANS IN THE ANTEBELLUM ERA 147(27)
James Forten on Repatriation to Africa
147(3)
Black Religion in the Antebellum Era
150(2)
The African Methodist Episcopal Church
150(1)
Charismatic Preachers
151(1)
The Expansion of Slavery
152(4)
King Cotton
153(1)
The Missouri Compromise
153(3)
The Interstate Slave Trade
156(1)
Slave Life and Labor
156(8)
Sunup to Sundown: Working/or the Master
157(3)
Sundown to Sunup: Slaves on Their Own Time
160(4)
Resistance and Rebellion
164(6)
Denmark Vesey's Rebellion
164(2)
David Walker's Appeal
166(2)
Nat Turner's Insurrection
168(2)
Free Black Organizing
170(2)
Conclusion
172(2)
CHAPTER 8 AFRICAN AMERICANS IN THE REFORM ERA, 1831-1850 174(26)
James Forten Advocates an Immediate End to Slavery
174(3)
Black Americans in an Expanding Nation
177(5)
Black Population Growth
177(2)
Racial Separation
179(1)
Between Slave and Free
180(2)
Black Americans and Reform
182(3)
Religion and Reform
182(1)
Self-Improvement and Education
183(1)
From "African" to "Colored"
184(1)
Names with Meaning
184(1)
The Abolitionist Movement
185(9)
Radical Abolitionism
185(3)
Divisions Among Abolitionists
188(2)
Violence Against Abolitionists
190(1)
Northern Black Press, Southern White Press
191(1)
The Gag Rule and Landmark Legal Cases
192(2)
Limitations and Opportunities
194(4)
Disfranchisement in the North
194(1)
The Texas Frontier
195(1)
The Mountain West
196(2)
The Compromise of 1850
198(1)
Conclusion
198(2)
CHAPTER 9 A PRELUDE TO WAR: THE 1850's 200(25)
Tragedy and Triumph at Christiana
200(2)
Controversy over the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
202(4)
Federal Power Versus States' Rights
203(1)
The Underground Railroad
204(2)
The Escape and Trial of Anthony Burns
206(1)
The Power of Stories
206(4)
Slave Narratives
207(1)
Northern Black Voices
207(2)
White Abolitionist Appeals
209(1)
Southern Views of Slavery
210(1)
The Changing South
210(4)
Southern Society and Economy
211(1)
"The World They Made Together"
212(1)
Free Black People
213(1)
Black Exiles Abroad and at Home
214(3)
The Debate over Emigration
214(1)
Safe Haven in Canada
215(1)
The Lure of the Frontier
216(1)
Regional Crisis
217(6)
From Moral Suasion to Political Power
217(1)
The Kansas-Nebraska Act
218(1)
"Bleeding Kansas"
219(1)
The Dred Scott Decision
219(1)
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates
220(1)
John Brown at Harpers Ferry
221(2)
Conclusion
223(2)
CHAPTER 10 CIVIL WAR AND THE PROMISES OF FREEDOM: THE TURBULENT 1860's 225(28)
Martin Delany Becomes First Black U.S. Army Major
225(2)
"A White Man's War"
227(4)
The Election of Abraham Lincoln
228(1)
Southern States Secede
229(1)
Black Volunteers Rejected
230(1)
War and Freedom
231(3)
Slaves as Contraband
231(1)
New Roles for Southern Slaves
232(1)
The Port Royal Experiment
233(1)
Emancipation as Military and Political Strategy
234(5)
Emancipation Possibilities
234(4)
The Emancipation Proclamation
238(1)
"Men of Color, To Arms!"
239(5)
Colored Troops
239(3)
The Fight for Equal Pay
242(1)
Black Women and War
243(1)
1863: The Tide Turns
244(2)
Victory at Gettysburg
244(1)
Anti-Draft Riots
244(1)
Grant and Sherman Lead Union Victories
245(1)
"Forty Acres and a Mule"
245(1)
An Incomplete Victory
246(6)
The Assassination of President Lincoln
247(1)
The Thirteenth Amendment
247(1)
Reuniting Black Families
248(1)
The Freedmen's Bureau
248(1)
Black Codes and Sharecropping
249(1)
Black Education
250(1)
The Rise of the Ku Klux Klan
250(1)
The Fourteenth Amendment
251(1)
Conclusion
252(1)
CHAPTER 11 POST-CIVIL WAR RECONSTRUCTION: A NEW NATIONAL ERA 253
Emanuel Fortune Testifies Before Congress
253(3)
Postwar Reconstruction
256(7)
Radical Reconstruction
256(2)
Presidential Reconstruction
258(1)
The Fifteenth Amendment
259(1)
Black Suffrage and Woman Suffrage
259(4)
Elected Black Leaders
263(9)
Local Politics in the South
267(2)
White Backlash
269(1)
The Enforcement Acts
270(1)
The Freedmen's Bank
271(1)
Washington, DC, in the New National Era
272(3)
The Black Elite
272(1)
The Black Working Class and Poor
273(1)
Political Patronage and Politics
274(1)
The End of Reconstruction
275(1)
Waning Federal Sympathy
275(1)
The Compromise of 1877
276(1)
African Americans on the Move
276
The Exodusters
277(1)
The Western Frontier
278(1)
To Africa
279
Conclusion
180(1699094394)
APPENDIX A-1
The Declaration of Independence
A-3
The Constitution of the United States of America
A-5
Amendments to the Constitution
A-13
Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)
A-19
The Emancipation Proclamation
A-23
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
A-24
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)
A-25
Key Provisions of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
A-26
Key Provisions of the Voting Rights Act of 1965
A-31
Photo Credits C-1
Index I-1

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