Psychotic Disorders Comprehensive Conceptualization and Treatments

Psychotic Disorders: Comprehensive Conceptualization and Treatments emphasizes a dimensional approach to psychosis--one of the most fascinating manifestations of altered brain behavior--that cuts across a broad array of psychiatric diagnoses from schizophrenia to affective psychosis and organic disorders like epilepsy and dementias. Written by an international roster of over seventy leading experts in the field, this volume comprehensively reviews, critiques, and integrates available knowledge on the etiology, mechanisms, and treatments of psychotic disorders, and outlines ways forward in both research and clinical practice towards more objective, mechanistically-based definitions of psychotic disorders. Chapters address topics such as psychosis phenomenology, biomarkers and treatments, the overlaps and interfaces between psychiatric disorders within the psychosis dimension, and novel disease definitions. Furthermore, the volume incorporates findings on potential mechanisms, bridges between various system levels (i.e., genetic, epigenetic, molecular and cellular, brain circuit and function, psychological, social, environmental and cultural) and their interactions, as well as the potential role in causation and/or mediation in psychotic disorders. Finally, the volume outlines a broad array of treatment approaches, from the readily available (e.g., psychopharmacology, various modalities of psychotherapy) to the experimental (e.g., cognitive interventions, neuromodulation). With a concluding section of forward perspectives conjecturing future directions and related challenges, this book aspires to stimulate new knowledge, generate novel frameworks, and carry new directions forward on psychotic disorders.

Carol A. Tamminga, MD, is Professor, Chairman of Psychiatry and Chief of Translational Neuroscience Research in Schizophrenia at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School. She holds the Communities Foundation of Texas Chair in Brain Science along with the Lou and Ellen McGinley Distinguished Chair in Psychiatric Research. She directs clinical and preclinical research in schizophrenia focused on identifying disease mechanisms and on improving treatments. Dr. Tamminga has been the recipient of numerous federal and foundation grants, as well as Award in the field. She has served on the National Advisory Mental Health Council, NIMH and the Council of the National Institute of Drug Abuse. Dr Tamminga was elected to the National Academy of Medicine in 1998 and has served on several IOM committees in that capacity. The goal of Dr. Tamminga's research is to examine and understand the mechanisms underlying schizophrenia, especially its most prominent symptoms, psychosis and memory dysfunction, in order to build rational treatments for the illness.
Elena I. Ivleva, MD, PhD is a psychiatrist and neuroscientist specializing on psychotic disorders. Dr. Ivleva completed her medical training, psychiatry residency and PhD in Neuroscience at the Voronezh State Medical Academy, Russia. She subsequently completed postdoctoral research fellowship in translational schizophrenia research, as well as psychiatry residency, at UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. Since 2012, Dr. Ivleva has been a faculty member at the Department of Psychiatry at UT Southwestern Medical Center. She is also a director of clinical and research Early Psychosis Program at UT Southwestern. Dr. Ivleva's research is focused on understanding neurobiological mechanisms of psychosis, and developing brain-based biomarkers (i.e., primarily using neuroimaging and cognitive approaches) for psychotic illness. The ultimate goal of her research is to develop objective, measurable biomarkers which could inform future diagnostic algorithms and mechanism-based treatments for psychotic disorders.
Ulrich Reininghaus, PhD, is Heisenberg Professor at the Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Mannheim, and a Visiting Professor at the Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London. Professor Reininghaus has been awarded several competitive fellowships and personal grants for his work, including a Research Training Fellowship by the UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), an NIHR Postdoctoral Fellowship, a Veni grant by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), a ZonMw research programme grant, and most recently a Heisenberg Professorship by the German Research Foundation to establish the new Department of Public Mental Health at CIMH. He is also Associate Editor and commissions the state-of-the-art review series of the international peer-reviewed journal Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology.
Jim van Os MD, PhD, is Professor of Psychiatric Epidemiology and Chairman of the Division Neuroscience at Utrecht University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, and Visiting Professor of Psychiatric Epidemiology at the Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK. He is on the editorial board of numerous European and US psychiatric journals, and is also an Academic Editor at PLoS ONE. In 2011, he was elected member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW); in 2016 he became a Fellow at King's College London; and since 2014, he has appeared on the Thomson-Reuter Web of Science list of the worlds' "most influential scientific minds' of our time." From 2009 to 2015, Dr. van Os was coordinator of a $e12M EU FP7 IP project on gene-environment interactions in schizophrenia, and is also active in clinical gene-environment interaction research in depression and bipolar disorder. He was a member of the Psychosis Group of the DSM-5 Task Force, and was co-chair of the APA DSM/ICD conference Deconstructing Psychosis. He leads the Division Neuroscience at Utrecht University Medical Centre and initiated a public health service for psychosis in the Netherlands. He is actively involved in mental health reform in the Netherlands as well as in Science in Transition, a movement that makes an effort towards making scientific research more relevant and impactful.

Section 1: Phenomenological characteristics and dimensional conceptualization of psychosis

1. Conceptualization of psychosis in psychiatric nosology: past, present and the future
Matcheri S. Keshavan, John Torous, Rajiv Tandon

2. Historical epistemology of the "unitary psychosis"
German E. Berrios, Ivana S. Markov?

3. Dimensional conceptualization of psychosis
K?rsat Altinbas, Sinan Guloksuz, and Jim van Os

Transdiagnostic dimensions of psychosis
4. Applying Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Dimensions to psychosis
Sarah E. Morris, Jennifer Pacheco, Charles A. Sanislow

5. Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective disorder, Bipolar Disorder
Barrett Kern, Sarah K. Keedy

6. Psychotic symptoms in bipolar disorder
Marsal Sanches, Xiang-Yang Zhang, and Jair C. Soares

7. Major depressive disorder with psychotic features: confronting and resolving the dimensional challenge
John L. Waddington, Tara Kingston, Nnamdi Nkire, Vincent Russell

8. Psychosis in Personality Disorders
Nidhi Kapil-Pair, Yulia Landa, Marie C. Hansen, Daniel H. Vaccaro, Marianne Goodman

9. Symptom network models of psychosis
Adela-Maria Isvoranu, Lindy-Lou Boyette, Sinan Guloksuz, Denny Borsboom

Psychosis in general medical conditions and organic brain disorders
10. Organic psychosis: phenotypic deviants or clues to schizophrenia?
Peter Buckley, Brian Miller

11. Epilepsy and psychosis
Michael R. Trimble, Kousuke Kanemoto, Dale C. Hesdorffer

12. Understanding sex differences in psychosis through the exploration of hormonal contributions
Leah H. Rubin

Section 2: Psychosis course and lifetime manifestations
Early Psychosis

13. Clinical phenomenology of the prodrome for psychosis
Albert R. Powers III, Thomas H. McGlashan, Scott W. Woods

14. Predictors of conversion to psychosis
Rachael G. Grazioplene, Tyrone D. Cannon

15. First-episode psychosis: phenomenology, onset, course and early intervention (OPUS)
Merete Nordentoft, Nikolai Albert

16. Evidence based treatment and implementation for early psychosis
Sacha Zilkha, Iruma Bello, Hong Ngo, Samantha Jankowski, Lisa Dixon

Psychosis Over Life Span and Late-Life Psychosis
17. Life span development of schizophrenia: symptoms, clinical course and outcomes
Matt Isohanni, Jouko Miettunen, Matti Penttil?

18. Phenomenological characteristics of psychosis of aging: psychosis and dementia interphase
Graham M.L. Eglit, Barton W. Palmer, Dilip V. Jeste

Section 3: Neurobiology of psychosis

Heritability and Genetics
19. Genetic neuropathology revisited: gene expression in psychosis
Samuel J. Allen; Rahul Bharadwaj,, Thomas M. Hyde, Joel E. Kleinman

20. Epigenomic regulation in psychosis
Bibi S. Kassim, Behnam Javidfar, Schahram Akbarian

21. DNA modifications in schizophrenia
Ehsan Pishva, Bart P. F. Rutten, Jonathan Mill

22. Endophenotypes: a window on the genetics of schizophrenia
David Braff

Cognitive Biomarkers of psychosis
23. Cognitive biomarkers of psychosis
S. Kristian Hill, Richard S.E. Keefe, John A. Sweeney

24. Social cognition in psychosis
Amy E. Pinkham, David L. Roberts

25. Self-awareness in schizophrenia: affected domains and their impact
Juliet M. Silberstein, Amy E. Pinkham, Philip D. Harvey

Neurophysiologic biomarkers of psychosis
26. Neurophysiologic biomarkers of psychosis: Event-related potential biomarkers
Judith M. Ford, Holly K. Hamilton, Katiah Llerena, Brian J. Roach, Daniel H. Mathalon

27. Oculomotor biomarkers of illness, risk, and pharmacogenetic treatment effects across the psychosis spectrum
James L Reilly, Jennifer McDowell, Jeffrey Bishop, Andreas Sprenger, Rebekka Lencer

Brain imaging biomarkers
28. Structural connectivity in psychosis
Amanda E. Lyall, Johanna Seitz, Marek Kubicki

29. Functional connectivity biomarkers of psychosis
Godfrey Pearlson, Michael Stevens

30. MR Spectroscopy
Adrienne C. Lahti, Nina V. Kraguljac

Pathophysiology of Psychosis: Neurotransmitters
31. Dopaminergic mechanisms underlying psychosis
Oliver Howes & Michael Bloomfield

32. Glutamate in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia
Daniel C. Javitt

33. GABAergic Mechanisms in Psychosis
Takanori Hashimoto, David A Lewis

34. Alteration in nicotinic receptors in psychotic disorders: molecular neurobiology and clinical relevance
Robert Freedman

35. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the etiology and treatment of schizophrenia
M.S. Moehle, S. E. Yohn, and P. J. Conn

36. Kynurenic acid in brain function and dysfunction: focus on the pathophysiology and treatment of schizophrenia
Robert Schwarcz and Sophie Erhardt

Pathophysiology: Voltage-gated ion channels in psychosis
37. Genetic Association of Voltage-gated Ion Channels with Psychotic Disorders
Charles H Large

38. Voltage-gated Ion channels in neural circuits implicated in psychotic disorders
Charles H Large

Pathophysiology: Immune Mechanisms
39. Inflammatory mechanisms in psychosis
Anna P. McLaughlin, Carmine M. Pariante, Valeria Mondelli

40. Autoimmune processes in mental disorders
Marina Man?-Damas, Carolin Hoffmann, Shenghua Zong, Peter C. Molenaar, Mario Losen, Pilar Martinez-Mart?nez

Brain circuit alterations in psychosis
41. The circuitry of midbrain dopamine system dysregulation in schizophrenia
Felipe V. Gomes, Eric C. Zimmerman, Anthony A. Grace

42. Feeling and remembering: effects of psychosis on the structure and function of the amygdala and hippocampus
M.D. Bauman, J.D. Ragland, C.M. Schumann

43. The cerebellum in psychosis
Kelsey Heslin, Joe Shaffer, Albert Powers, Nancy Andreasen, and Krystal Parker

Section 4: Socio-environmental mechanistic factors in psychosis
Early life adversity

44. Perinatal factors in psychosis
Mary Clarke, Mary Cannon

45. The role of early life experience in psychosis
Richard P. Bentall

46. Socio-environmental adversity across the life span
Peter Bosanac, David Castle

47. Migration, ethnicity, and psychoses
Craig Morgan

Psychological mechanisms and psychosis
48. Cognitive and emotional processes in psychosis
Steffen Moritz, Thies L?dtke, Lukasz Gaweda, Jakob Scheunemann, and Ryan P. Balzan

49. Aberrant salience attribution and psychosis
Toby T. Winton- Brown and Shitij Kapur

Neural correlates of socio-environmental risk and psychosis
50. Neural correlates of childhood trauma
Alaptagin Khan, Kyoko Ohashi, Maria Maierd, Martin H. Teicher

51. Neural correlates of urban risk environments
Imke L.J. Lemmers-Jansen, Anne-Kathrin J. Fett, Lydia Krabbendam

52. Neural correlates of ethnic minority position and risk for psychosis
Jean-Paul Selten, Jan Booij, Bauke Buwalda, Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg

53. Resilience in psychosis spectrum disorder
Lotta-Katrin Pries, Sinan Guloksuz, Bart P. F. Rutten

Section 5: Treatment of psychotic disorders

Pharmacological Treatments
54. Pharmacological approaches to treatment
Stefan Leucht, Andrea Cipriani, Toshi A. Furukawa

55. Animal models of psychosis: approaches and validity
Daniel Scott

Psychological treatments in psychosis
56. Psychoanalytic treatment of psychosis
Elyn R. Saks

57. Cognitive-behavioral therapy
Tania Lincoln, Alison Brabban

58. Psychoeducation as an approach to treatment of severe mental illness
Emma Sophia Kay, David E. Pollio, Carol S. North

59. Family Interventions in psychosis
Juliana Onwumere, Elizabeth Kuipers

60. Peer support for people with psychiatric illness: A comprehensive review
Chyrell D. Bellamy, Anne S. Klee, Xavier Cornejo, Kimberly Guy, Mark Costa, Larry Davidson

61. Mind-body approaches, mindfulness
Louise Johns, Mark Hayward, Clara Strauss, Eric Morris

62. Hearing voices groups
Alison Branitsky, Eleanor Longden and Dirk Corstens

63. AVATAR Therapy: a new digital therapy for Auditory Verbal Hallucinations
Tom K.J. Craig, Mar Rus-Calafell

64. Health in a connected world
Philippe Delespaul and Catherine van Zelst

65. Recovery-oriented services
Mike Slade, Eleanor Longden, Julie Repper, Samson Tse

Cognitive Remediation and Other Approaches
66. Neuroscience-informed cognitive training for psychotic spectrum illnesses
Sophia Vinogradov, Rana Elmaghraby, Laura Pientka

67. Cognitive remediation: theory, meta-analytic evidence, and practice
Til Wykes and Adam Crowther

68. Noninvasive brain stimulation techniques in psychosis
Marine Mondino, Fr?d?ric Haesebaert, J?r?me Brunelin

Early interventions
69. Treatment approaches in the psychosis prodrome
Andrea M. Auther and Barbara A. Cornblatt

70. From early intervention in psychosis to transformation of youth mental health reform
Ashok Malla, Patrick McGorry

Section 6: Future directions and opportunities

71. Future directions: making a start towards the primary prevention of psychosis
Robin M Murray, Olesya Ajnakina and Marta Di Forti

72. A glimpse forward regarding psychopathology of psychotic disorders
William T. Carpenter

73. Time for change in psychosis research
Brett A. Clementz