Personality: Theory and Research, 9th Edition,9780471149941

Personality: Theory and Research, 9th Edition

by ; ;
Edition: 9th
ISBN13: 9780471149941
ISBN10: 0471149942
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2004-03-01
Publisher(s): Wiley
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Summary

Personality: Theory and Research, 9th Edition introduces the primary theoretical perspectives that guide contemporary research on personality and individual differences, while also reviewing a wide range of contemporary scientific findings on personality. Throughout the text, emphasis is placed on how theory and research inform one another. Rich case material shows how the theoretical conceptions yield insight into the lives of individual persons. In keeping with the long tradition of this text, the new edition treats each theoretical approach objectively and even-handedly, encouraging readers to weigh the evidence and to formulate their own conclusions. Revisions in the new edition are designed to presents this complex scientific field in an highly engaging, accessible, and readable manner.

Table of Contents

1.  Personality Theory:  From Everyday Observations to Systematic Theories.
Why study personality?
Defining Personality.
Personality Theory as an Answer to the Questions of What, How, and Why.
Structure.
Units of Analysis.
Hierarchy.
Process.
Growth and Development.
Genetic Determinants.
Environmental Determinants.
Culture.
Social Class.
Family.
Peers.
Psychopathology and Behavior Change.
Important Issues in Personality Theory.
Philosophical View of the Person.
Internal and External Determinants of Behavior.
Consistency Across Situations and Over Time.
The Unity of Experience and Action and the Concept of Self.
Varying States of Awareness and the Concept of the Unconscious.
Relationships Among Cognition, Affect, and Overt Behavior.
The Influence of the Past, Present, and Future on Behavior.
Can we have a science of perso nality?  What kind of a science can it be?
Important Issues: Summary.
Evaluation Of Theories.
Comprehensiveness.
Parsimony.
Research Relevance.
Evaluation of Theories: Summary.
The Personality Theories: An Introduction.
The Challenge of Constructing a Personality Theory.
The Personality Theories: A Preliminary Sketch.
Summary.
Major Concepts .
Review.
2.  The Scientific Study of People.
The Data of Personality Psychology.
LOTS of Data.
How Do Data from Different Sources Relate to One Another?
Fixed versus Flexible Measures.
Personality Theory and Assessment.
Goals of Research: Reliability, Validity, Ethical Behavior.
Reliability.
Validity.
The Ethics of Research and Public Policy.
Three General Approaches To Research.
Case Studies and Clinical Research.
Case Studies: An Example.
Case Studies: Limitations.
Personality Questionnaires and Correlational Research.
Correlational Research: An Example.
Correlational Research: Limitations.
Laboratory Studies and Experimental Research.
Experimental Research: An Example.
Experimental Research: Limitations.
Evaluating Alternative Research Approaches.
The Use of Verbal Reports.
Personality Theory And Personality Research.
Personality Assessment And The Case Of Jim.
Major Concepts.
Review.  
3.  A Psychodynamic Theory: Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality.
Why Study Freud?
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939): A View of the Theorist.
Freud’s View Of The Person And Society.
Freud’s View of the Science of Personality.
Psychoanalysis: A Theory Of Personality.
Structure.
The Concept of the Unconscious and Levels of Consciousness.
Levels of Consciousness.
The Motivated Unconscious.
Relevant Psychoanalytic Research.
Current Status of the Concept of the Unconscious.
Id, Ego, and Superego.
Process.
Life and Death Instincts.
The Dynamics of Functioning.
Anxiety, Mechanisms of Defense, and Contemporary Research on.
   Defensive Processes.
Denial.
Projection.
Isolation, Reaction Formation, and Sublimation.
Repression.
Growth and Development.
The Development of Thinking Processes.
The Development of the Instincts.
Stages of Development.
Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development.
The Importance of Early Experience.
Major Concepts.
Review.
4.  A Psychodynamic Theory: Applications and Evaluation of Freud’s Theory.
Clinical Applications.
Assessment: Projective Tests.
The Rorschach Inkblot Test.
The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT).
Illustrative Research Use and Evaluation.
Projective Tests - Do they Work?
Psychopathology.
Personality Types.
The Oral Personality.
The Anal Personality.
The Phallic Character.
Conflict and Defense.
Behavior Change.
Insights Into the Unconscious: Free Association and Dream Interpretation.
The Therapeutic Process: Transference.
A Case Example: Little Hans.
Description of the Problem.
Events Leading Up to Development of the Phobia.
Interpretation of the Symptom.
The Solution to the Oedipal Conflict.
Overall Evaluation.
The Case of Jim.
Rorschach and TAT: Psychoanalytic Theory.
Comments on the Data.
Related Points Of View.
Two Early Challenges to Freud.
Alfred Adler (1870-1937).
Carl G. Jung (1875-1961).
The Cultural and Interpersonal Emphasis.
Karen Horney (1885-1952).
Harry Stack Sullivan (1892-1949).
Recent Developments in the Psychodynamic Tradition.
Object Relations Theory.
Narcissism and the Narcissistic Personality.
Attachment Theory.
Attachment Styles in Adulthood.
Attachment Types or Dimensions?
Critical Evaluation.
Major Contributions.
Limitations of the Theory.
The Scientific Status of Psychoanalytic Theory.
The Psychoanalytic View of the Person.
Summary Evaluation.
Major Concepts.
Review.
5.  A Phenomenological Theory: Carl Rogers’s Person-Centered Theory of Personality.
Carl R. Rogers (1902–1987): A View of the Theorist.
Rogers’s View of the Person.
Rogers’s View Of Science, Theory, And Research.
The Personality Theory Of Carl Rogers.
Structure.
The Self.
Measures of the Self-Concept.
The Q-Sort Technique.
Adjective Checklist and Semantic Differential.
Process.
Self-Actualization.
Self-Consistency and Congruence.
States of Incongruence and Defensive Processes.
Research on Self-Consistency and Congruence.
The Need for Positive Regard.
Growth and Development.
Self-Actualization and Healthy Psychological Development.
Research on Parent–Child Relationships.
Children’s Views of the Goodness/Badness of the Self.
Conclusion.
Major Concepts.
Review.

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