Charles R. Goldman, Distinguished Professor of Limnology in the Department of Environmental Science and Policy, has been with the University of California, Davis, since 1958. He developed the first courses in limnology and oceanography at UC Davis, served as Chair of the Division of Environmental Studies from 1988-1992, and was founding Director of the Institute of Ecology, serving from 1966-1969 and again in 1990-92. In 1973-74, he was elected Vice President of the Ecological Society of America, and accepted a Fulbright Distinguished Professorship to Yugoslavia in 1985. He was awarded the Vollenweider Lectureship in Canada in 1989, the Chevron Conservation Award and Culver Man-of-the Year in 1991, the Earle A. Chiles Award in 1992, the UC Davis Distinguished Public Service & Research Lecturer awards in 1993, the inaugural UC Davis Distinguished Graduate Mentoring Award in 2002, the Nevada Medal and UC Davis Distinguished Professor in 2003, and the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography's Alfred Redfield Lifetime Achievement Award in 2004. He was elected Vice President of the International Society of Limnology (SIL) for 1992-98, presented the prestigious Baldi Lecture at the triennial SIL Congress in Ireland in August 1998, and currently serves as an elected national representative to the world body. He was appointed the inaugural President of the World Water and Climate Network in 2003. Professor Goldman's career work has been honored with a most prestigious award: the 1998 Albert Einstein World Award of Science, presented at a formal international ceremony held in New Zealand. The Einstein Award, bestowed annually to a single individual by a council of eminent scientists that includes 25 Nobel laureates, recognizes those who have accomplished scientific and technological achievements that have advanced scientific understanding and benefited humanity. He became Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Tahoe Baikal Institute in 2009.

Dr. Michio Kumagai, Secretary General of World Water and Climate Network, Director of Environmental Information, Lake Biwa Environmental Research Institute.

Dr Richard D. Robarts, Director, UNEP GEMS/Water Programme.

List of Contributors xiii

Preface xix

Part I Impacts on Physical, Chemical, and Biological Processes 1

1 Climate Change Impacts on the Hydrology and Biogeochemistry of Arctic Rivers 3
Robert M. Holmes, Michael T. Coe, Greg J. Fiske, Tatiana Gurtovaya, James W. McClelland, Alexander I. Shiklomanov, Robert G.M. Spencer, Suzanne E. Tank, and Alexander V. Zhulidov

2 Climate Impacts on Arctic Lake Ecosystems 27
Warwick F. Vincent, Isabelle Laurion, Reinhard Pienitz, and Katey M. Walter Anthony

3 Trends in Hydrological and Hydrochemical Processes in Lake Baikal under Conditions of Modern Climate Change 43
M.N. Shimaraev and V.M. Domysheva

4 Hydrological Analysis of the Yellow River Basin, China 67
Xieyao Ma, Yoshinobu Sato, Takao Yoshikane, Masayuki Hara, Fujio Kimura, and Yoshihiro Fukushima

5 Water Resources under Climate Change in the Yangtze River Basin 79
Marco Gemmer, Buda Su, and Tong Jiang

6 Biogeochemical Ecosystem Dynamics in Lake Biwa under Anthropogenic Impacts and Global Warming 95
Mitsuru Sakamoto

7 Eutrophication, Warming and Historical Changes of the Plankton Community in Lake Biwa during the Twentieth Century 111
Narumi K. Tsugeki and Jotaro Urabe

8 Numerical Simulation of Future Overturn and Ecosystem Impacts for Deep Lakes in Japan 131
Daisuke Kitazawa

9 Model Development to Evaluate the Impacts of Climate Change on Total Phosphorus Concentrations in Lakes 145
Kohei Yoshiyama

10 Recent Climate-Induced Changes in Freshwaters in Denmark 155
Erik Jeppesen, Brian Kronvang, Torben B. Jørgensen, Søren E. Larsen, Hans E. Andersen, Martin Søndergaard, Lone Liboriussen, Rikke Bjerring, Liselotte S. Johansson, Dennis Trolle, and Torben L. Lauridsen

11 Lake Phytoplankton Responses to Global Climate Changes 173
Kirsten Olrik, Gertrud Cronberg, and Hel´ene Annadotter

12 The Influence of Climate Change on Lake Geneva 201
Ulrich Lemmin and Adeline Amouroux

13 Climate Change and Wetlands of the Prairie Pothole Region of North America: Effects, Management and Mitigation 219
Marley J. Waiser

14 Historic and Likely Future Impacts of Climate Change on Lake Tahoe, California-Nevada, USA 231
Robert Coats, Goloka Sahoo, John Riverson, Mariza Costa-Cabral, Michael Dettinger, Brent Wolfe, John Reuter, Geoffrey Schladow, and Charles R. Goldman

15 Our New Biological Future? The Influence of Climate Change on the Vulnerability of Lakes to Invasion by Non-Native Species 255
Marion E. Wittmann, Ka Lai Ngai, and Sudeep Chandra

16 Long-Term Changes in the Lake Kinneret Ecosystem: The Effects of Climate Change and Anthropogenic Factors 271
Ilia Ostrovsky, Alon Rimmer, Yosef Z. Yacobi, Ami Nishri, Assaf Sukenik, Ora Hadas, and Tamar Zohary

17 Climate Change and the Floodplain Lakes of the Amazon Basin 295
John M. Melack and Michael T. Coe

18 Climatic Variability, Mixing Dynamics, and Ecological Consequences in the African Great Lakes 311
Sally MacIntyre

19 Effects of Climate Change on New Zealand Lakes 337
David P. Hamilton, Chris McBride, Deniz Ozkundakci, Marc Schallenberg, Piet Verburg, Mary de Winton, David Kelly, Chris Hendy, and Wei Ye

20 Global Change Effects on Antarctic Freshwater Ecosystems: The Case of Maritime Antarctic Lakes 367
Antonio Quesada and David Velazquez

Part II Impacts on Societies 383

21 Adaptation to a Changing Climate in Northern Mongolia 385
Clyde E. Goulden and Munhtuya N. Goulden

22 Managing the Effects of Climate Change on Urban Water Resources 395
Gabriela da Costa Silva

Part III Mitigation Approaches 413

23 Water Management Preparation Strategies for Adaptation to Changing Climate 415
Balazs M. Fekete and Eugene Stakhiv

24 In Search of Strategies to Mitigate the Impacts of Global Warming on Aquatic Ecosystems 429
Justin D. Brookes, Martin Schmid, Dominic Skinner, and Alfred Wuest

25 Artificial Decomposition of Water into Hydrogen and Oxygen by Electrolysis to Restore Oxygen in Climate Change-Impacted Waters 449
Michio Kumagai and Hiroyasu Takenaka

26 Summary and Conclusions 455
Michio Kumagai

Index 461